Spanish Conquest Collection (#3)

HERNANDO CORTES (1485-1547). Spanish conquerer of Mexico. Cortes entering Mexico. Panel painting by Miguel Gonzalez, c1698

VASCO NUNEZ de BALBOA (1475-1519). Spanish explorer. Balboas first sight of the Pacific Ocean in 1513. Photogravure after a painting by Henri Felix Emmanuel Philippoteaux

MEXICO: CORTES, 1519. Cortes is greeted by Montezumas messenger in 1519. Mexican Indian painting, 16th century

CORTES & MONTEZUMA. Dona Marina (right) interpreting during the meeting of Montezuma II (seated on left) and Hernando Cortes at Tenochtitlan in November 1519. Contemporary Aztec drawing

HERNANDO DE SOTO (c1500-1542). Spanish explorer in America. Lithograph, 1876, by Currier & Ives

PERU: PIZARRO & ATAHUALPA. The first meeting, in 1532, of Francisco Pizarro and Atahualpa, the last Inca king. Pen and ink drawing, c1600, by Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala

PERU: INCAN COURT. Spanish explorers in the court of Incan king Atahualpa at Cajamarca, Peru

HISPANIOLA: NAVIDAD, 1493. The fort at Navidad on Hispaniola built largely from the timbers of one of Christopher Columbus ships, Santa Maria

Hernando Cortes speaking with Montezuma II. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540
SPANISH CONQUEST. Hernando Cortes speaking with Montezuma II. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

Spanish conquistadors bombard a wall of an Aztec building at Xolloco. Drawing from the Codex Florentino
MEXICO: SPANISH CONQUEST. Spanish conquistadors bombard a wall of an Aztec building at Xolloco. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

Plan of Tenochtitlan (site of modern Mexico City) at the time of the Spanish Conquest
PLAN OF TENOCHTITLAN, 1524. Plan of Tenochtitlan (site of modern Mexico City) at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Woodcut from the Latin edition of Hernando Cortes Second Letter

Plan of Tenochtitlan (City of Mexico) at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Woodcut, 1556
PLAN OF TENOCHTITLAN, 1556. Plan of Tenochtitlan (City of Mexico) at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Woodcut, 1556

Aztec natives, with smallpox contracted from the Spaniards, ministered to by a medicine man
MEXICO: SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC. Aztec natives, with smallpox contracted from the Spaniards, ministered to by a medicine man. Illustration from Father Bernardino de Sahaguns 16th century treatise

Spanish conqueror of Mexico. Oil painting by an unknown 16th century artist
HERNANDO CORTES (1485-1547). Spanish conqueror of Mexico. Oil painting by an unknown 16th century artist

LAKE TITICACA, 1554. Engraving of Lake Titticaca, Peru, from Pedro Cieza de Leons account of the Spanish Conquest Chronicle of Peru, Antwerp, 1554. The engraver obviously had not visited Peru

DE BRY: SPANISH CONQUEST. Native Americans delivering treasure to European explorers. Color copper line engraving by Theodore de Bry, c1591

INCA EMPIRE: CONQUEST. Inca natives of Peru collecting a ransom of gold and silver to be given to the Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro, in exchange for the release of King Atahualpa

SPANISH CONQUEST OF INCANS. The Spanish landing in Peru. Line engraving from the English edition, 1688, of The Royal Commentaries of Peru by Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1617)

PERU: SPANISH CONQUEST. Battle between Spanish conquistadors and Inca Native Americans outside Cuzco, Peru. Copper engraving by Theodore de Bry, c1598

PEDRO de ALVARADO (c1485-1541). Spanish soldier. Alvarado and his men marching upon Guatemala in 1523. Wood engraving, American, 1848

CAPTURE OF ATAHUALPA, 1532. The capture of Atahualpa, the last Incan king, by Francisco Pizarro and his army at Cajamarca, Peru, 1532. Line engraving, French, late 18th or early 19th century

WEST INDIES: HURRICANE. A hurricane in the West Indies. Line engraving, late 16th century

SPANIARDS AND PERUVIANS. The First Conference between the Spaniards and Peruvians, 1531. Steel engraving after the painting, c1826, by Henry Perronet Briggs

PEDRO MENENDEZ DE AVILES (1519-1574). Spanish mariner and founder of St Augustine, Florida. Line engraving

CONQUEST OF MEXICO, 1521. The capture of Mexico City, or Tenochtitlan, by Hernando Cortes and his Spanish conquistadores, 13 August 1521. Steel engraving, American, 1870

PRIEST IN MEXICO. A Spanish priest overseeing the destruction by conquistadors of a statue of an Aztec god: line engraving after an illustration by Felix O.C. Darley, 19th century

ATAHUALPA (c1500-1533). Last Inca king of Peru. The capture of Atahualpa by the Spanish under Francisco Pizarro in 1532. Copper engraving, 18th century

CAPTURE OF ATAHUALPA, the last Inca king, by the Spanish under Francisco Pizarro in 1532. Copper engraving, 18th century

DE SOTO IN FLORIDA, 1539. The bivouac in Florida of Hernando de Sotos 1539 expedition. Wood engraving, 19th century

MEXICO: ACAPULCO, 1620. Spanish ships in the Pacific port of Acapulco. German engraving, 1620

MEXICO: SPANISH CONQUEST. A Spanish priest overseeing the destruction by Conquistadors of an Aztec idol. Line engraving after an illustration by Felix O.C. Darley, 19th century

PEDRO de VALDIVIA (c1500-1553). Spanish soldier, conqueror of Chile. Line engraving, 1728

FRANCISCO PIZARRO (c1470-1541). Spanish conqueror of Peru. Line engraving, 16th century

FRANCISCO PIZARRO (1470?-1541). Spanish conqueror of Peru. Line engraving, Dutch, 1673

BEHEADING OF PIZARRO, 1548. The beheading of Gonzalo Pizarro (c1502-1548), Spanish conquistador, in Cuzco, Peru. Color engraving, English, 18th century

PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR at the conquest of Ceuta in 1415: colored engraving, 16th century

COLUMBUS: ARREST, 1500. The arrest of Christopher Columbus at Santo Domingo in 1500 by Francis de Bobadillo. Engraving, c1590, by Theodor de Bry

HERNANDO CORTES (1485-1547). Spanish conqueror of Mexico. Color engraving, 19th century, after an illustration from Antonio de Solis y Ribadeneiras Historia de la Conquista de Mejico, 1684

MEXICO CITY, 1671. Mexico City under the Spanish conquerers. Line engraving, 19th century, after an engraving of 1671

VASCO NUNEZ de BALBOA (1475-1519). Spanish explorer. Balboa taking possession of the Pacific Ocean for Spain, 29 September 1513. Copper engraving, early 18th century

ALONSO de OJEDA (1465?-1515). Spanish explorer. Ojeda with a cacique of natives during one of his many expeditions in the West Indies. Wood engraving, American, 19th century

Francisco Pizarro, Spanish explorer
Francisco Pizarro (c.1471-1541), Spanish explorer and conquistador. Pizarro accompanied Vasco Nunez de Balboa on his 1513 expedition to cross the Isthmus of Panama

Balboa claiming the South Sea for Spain. Artwork of the Spanish conquistador and explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1475-1519)

Hernando de Soto, Spanish explorer
Hernando de Soto (c.1496-1542), Spanish explorer and conquistador. Soto left Spain in 1914 to travel to the Indies and find a passage through to China

CORTES & MONTEZUMA, 1519. Dona Marina (center) interpreting during the meeting of Montezume II (right)
CORTES & MONTEZUMA, 1519. Do├▒a Marina (center) interpreting during the meeting of Montezume II (right) and Hern├ín Cort©s at Tenochtitlan, November 1519

Isthmus of Panama, 1744
Map from Oexmelins Histoire of the Isthmus of Panama, 1744. Hand-colored woodcut

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"The Spanish Conquest: Unveiling the Clash of Cultures in Tenochtitlan (Mexico City)" Step back in time to the year 1556, as we delve into the captivating world of the Spanish Conquest. Through a vivid colored woodcut, we catch a glimpse of Tenochtitlan, known today as Mexico City. The bustling streets and grand architecture stand as a testament to the once-mighty Aztec civilization. Meanwhile, in Michoacan Province, Mexico, fear grips the hearts of P'urhépecha (Tarascan) Indians who flee their village just before the arrival of Spanish conquistadors. An early 16th-century illustration from "An Account of Ceremonies and Rites" offers us an intimate view into their lives disrupted by impending conquest. The cityscape transforms drastically during this tumultuous period. Diego Rivera's fresco "The Taking of Cuernavaca, " adorning Cortez-Palace in Cuernevaca, depicts one such transformation – capturing both destruction and resilience. Pedro de Valdivia emerges as a key figure among these conquerors; his exploits leading him to become known as the Spanish conqueror of Chile. A 19th-century American banknote engraving immortalizes his legacy for future generations. Across distant shores lies St. Augustine – founded by Pedro Menendez de Aviles in 1565 – marking Spain's claim on Florida. A wood engraving from that era transports us to witness this historic moment unfold before our eyes. Hernan Cortes himself carries an emblematic banner that symbolizes his indomitable spirit throughout his conquests across Central America during the 16th century – an enduring reminder of Spain's ambition and determination.