Palaeoanthropological Collection (#2)

Prehistoric rib bone C015 / 6754
Prehistoric rib bone. This rib bone was found at the TD-6 level in the Gran Dolina cave in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills near Burgos, Spain

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6686
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6684
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6685
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6666
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Neanderthal tooth C015 / 6610
Neanderthal tooth. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230, 000 and 29, 000 years ago

Neanderthal tooth C015 / 6643
Neanderthal tooth. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230, 000 and 29, 000 years ago

Homo heidelbergensis arthritic jaw C015 / 6562
Homo heidelbergensis arthritic jaw. Close-up of the condyloid process of the lower jaw (mandible) from fossilised remains of Homo heidelbergensis

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C015 / 6561
Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw (mandible) and teeth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C015 / 6560
Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw (mandible) and teeth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C015 / 6559
Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw (mandible) and teeth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6549
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6550
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth shows marks (grooves near the gum line) left by the use of tooth picks. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6548
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6547
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth shows marks (grooves near the gum line) left by the use of tooth picks. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis teeth C015 / 6544
Homo heidelbergensis teeth. These incisor teeth are worn down with age and the effect of diet. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis teeth C015 / 6545
Homo heidelbergensis teeth. These molar teeth are worn down with age and the effect of diet. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis teeth C015 / 6546
Homo heidelbergensis teeth. These tooth show marks (grooves near the gum line) left by the use of tooth picks. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6542
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth has striations on its enamel left by the use of stone tools. The directions of the striations indicate that right-handedness was dominant as long as 500

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6543
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6541
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth has striations on its enamel left by the use of stone tools. The directions of the striations indicate that right-handedness was dominant as long as 500

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6539
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6540
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6537
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6538
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6536
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6535
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6534
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This incisor tooth is worn down with age and the effect of diet. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Siega Verde petroglyph C015 / 6439
Siega Verde petroglyph. Prehistoric rock carvings (petroglyph) of an auroch, wolf (or dog), and horse. The auroch (wild cattle) is the main figure, with the head and horns at left

Siega Verde petroglyph C015 / 6438
Siega Verde petroglyph. Prehistoric rock carving (petroglyph) of a horse. This carving is part of the collection of petroglyphs at the Siega Verde site, in the province of Salamanca, Spain

Siega Verde petroglyph C015 / 6437
Siega Verde petroglyph. Prehistoric rock carving (petroglyph) of a horse. This carving is part of the collection of petroglyphs at the Siega Verde site, in the province of Salamanca, Spain

Oldowan stone tool C015 / 6435
Oldowan stone tool. Prehistoric stone tool being held in a hand. This stone tool is from the Oldowan stone tool industry, or Mode I, an early and primitive form of stone tool

Oldowan stone tool C015 / 6434
Oldowan stone tool. Prehistoric stone tool being held in a hand. This stone tool is from the Oldowan stone tool industry, or Mode I, an early and primitive form of stone tool

Mousterian stone tool C015 / 6436
Mousterian stone tool. Prehistoric stone tool being held in a hand. This stone tool is from the Mousterian stone tool industry, or Mode III. The name comes from the site of Le Moustier in France

Olduvai biface stone tool C015 / 6433
Olduvai biface stone tool (hand axe). Prehistoric hand axe stone tool being held in a hand. This stone tool was discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Olduvai biface stone tool C015 / 6432
Olduvai biface stone tool (hand axe). Silhouette of a prehistoric hand axe stone tool against the setting Sun. This stone tool was discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania C015 / 6430
Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. This gorge (also called Oldupai Gorge) is famous for the fossils discovered here of extinct hominins that form part of the human evolutionary tree

Olduvai Gorge basalt, Tanzania C015 / 6428
Olduvai Gorge basalt. Basalt stones at the Olduvai River in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. This gorge (also called Oldupai Gorge)

Msai camp, Tanzania C015 / 6426
Msai camp, Tanzania. The Msai are a semi-nomadic people of Kenya and northern Tanzania, who move from place to place to find water and grazing for their cattle

Prehistoric human skull bones C016 / 5496
Prehistoric human skull bones. These fossil remains are from modern humans (Homo sapiens) and date from up to 12, 000 years ago

Neanderthal cranium (Gibraltar 1) C016 / 5324
Neanderthal cranium (Gibraltar 1). Oblique view of a cast of the fossil of the adult female Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) cranium discovered at Forbes Quarry, Gibraltar

Neanderthal cranium (Gibraltar 1) C016 / 5323
Neanderthal cranium (Gibraltar 1). Frontal view of a cast of the fossil of the adult female Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) cranium discovered at Forbes Quarry, Gibraltar

Homo neanderthalensis (Tabun C1) C016 / 5325
Homo neanderthalensis (Tabun C1). Model of a Neanderthal female holding a spear, based on a fossil skeleton called Tabun C1

Homo neanderthalensis (Tabun C1) C016 / 5309
Homo neanderthalensis (Tabun C1). Model of a Neanderthal female holding a spear, based on a fossil skeleton called Tabun C1

Carved artefacts, Upper Palaeolithic C016 / 5307
Carved artefacts, Upper Palaeolithic. These prehistoric artefacts dates from 11, 000 to 18, 000 years ago. At top is a mammoth tusk carved to depict a reindeer (head at left)

Neanderthal cranium (Neanderthal 1) C016 / 5306
Neanderthal cranium (Neanderthal 1). Cast of the fossil cranium of Neanderthal 1, the original Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis)

Homo habilis cranium (OH 24) C016 / 5252
Homo habilis cranium (OH 24). Cast of a reconstructed cranium from Bed 1, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. This specimen, Olduvai Hominid 24 (OH 24), is also known as Twiggy

Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1) C016 / 5208
Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1). Cast of the fossil mandible from the Homo heidelbergensis specimen discovered by workmen in 1907 at Mauer, Germany

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"Unveiling the Ancient Secrets: A Journey through Palaeoanthropological Discoveries" Step into the captivating world of palaeoanthropology as we explore remarkable hints that shed light on our ancient origins. The Olduvai Gorge landscape in Tanzania (C015 / 6429) serves as a time capsule, preserving invaluable evidence of early human existence. Among these clues is the enigmatic Red Lady of Paviland femur (C016 / 5028), challenging conventional notions with its unexpected gender attribution. Meanwhile, Homo heidelbergensis skull (Cranium 5) (C015 / 6921) offers insights into our evolutionary path, showcasing distinct features that bridge the gap between archaic and modern humans. Delving deeper, we encounter the Australopithecus africanus pelvis from STS-14 (C015 / 6919), providing glimpses into our ancestors' locomotion and reproductive strategies. Ivory and bone tools from the Upper Palaeolithic era (C016 / 5026) reveal early human ingenuity and resourcefulness. Transitioning to later periods, Neolithic flint arrowheads emerge as crucial artifacts in understanding technological advancements. Their presence - be it C014/1034, C014/1032, or C014/1030 - signifies humanity's mastery over stone-age weaponry for hunting and defense purposes. Moreover, scattered stone-age flint fragments (C014 /1020) offer tantalizing fragments of prehistoric life while individual Neolithic flint arrowheads like C014/1023, C014/1022, and C014/1025 provide intricate details about craftsmanship during this transformative period. These palaeoanthropological treasures unlock doors to an ancient past long forgotten but forever imprinted within these remnants. Join us on this enthralling journey where science unravels mysteries buried beneath layers of time – revealing extraordinary tales of human evolution and the ingenuity that shaped our species.