Natural Philosopher Collection

Socrates, caricature
Socrates. Caricature of the Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates (c.470-399 BC). Socrates is credited with introducing a new and critical attitude in philosophy and science

Plato, Ancient Greek philosopher
Plato (427-347 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher. Platos spirit of rational inquiry led to todays scientific method. His writings shaped and continue to have a profound influence on Western thought

Plato, caricature
Plato. Caricature of the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato (427-347 BC). Platos spirit of rational inquiry led to todays scientific method

Aristotle as depicted by Raphael in The School of Athens. Athenian philosopher and logician, he studied under Plato in Athens

Socrates, Ancient Greek philosopher
Socrates (c.470-399 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher, credited with introducing a new and critical attitude in philosophy and science

Socrates (c. 470-399 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher, credited with introducing a new and critical attitude in philosophy and science

Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to prove the existence of a vacuum
5310104 Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to prove the existence of a vacuum; (add.info.: Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to prove the existence of a vacuum)

A comet as observed by Robert Hooke
5307360 A comet as observed by Robert Hooke.; (add.info.: Engraving depicting a comet as observed by Robert Hooke. Robert Hooke (1635-1703) an English natural philosopher, architect

An engraving depicting details of Robert Hooke's hygrometer, an instrument used for measuring the amount of
5311628 An engraving depicting details of Robert Hooke's hygrometer, an instrument used for measuring the amount of humidity water vapour in the atmosphere, soil, or in confined spaces. 1

Joseph Priestley English theologian, 19th century (engraving)
3733576 Joseph Priestley English theologian, 19th century (engraving); (add.info.: Portrait of Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) an English theologian, English Dissenters clergyman, natural philosopher

Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to measure the force of a ball
5310105 Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to measure the force of a ball; (add.info.: Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to measure the force of a ball rolled down an inclined plane)

An engraving depicting Robert Hooke's anemometer, a device used for measuring the speed of the wind
5311627 An engraving depicting Robert Hooke's anemometer, a device used for measuring the speed of the wind and is also a standard weather station instrument

An engraving showing the front and back view of Henry Cavendish's registering thermometer
5311276 An engraving showing the front and back view of Henry Cavendish's registering thermometer. Henry Cavendish (1731-1810) a British natural philosopher, scientist

Robert Hooke's proposal for an aerial telegraph (engraving)
5616548 Robert Hooke's proposal for an aerial telegraph (engraving); (add.info.: Illustration depicting Robert Hooke's proposal for an aerial telegraph)

Lunar surface as observed by Robert Hooke in the region of the crater Hipparchus
5308546 Lunar surface as observed by Robert Hooke in the region of the crater Hipparchus; (add.info.: Lunar surface as observed by Robert Hooke in the region of the crater Hipparchus)

Joseph Priestley's gun barrel apparatus
5308238 Joseph Priestley's gun barrel apparatus.; (add.info.: Engraving depicting Joseph Priestley's gun barrel apparatus which he used when he wished to examine gases from various substances)

Joseph Priestley's battery of Leyden jars
3733574 Joseph Priestley's battery of Leyden jars.; (add.info.: Print depicting Joseph Priestley's battery of Leyden jars)

Mrs Bryan and Children Stipple by Samuel Shelley
865215 Mrs Bryan and Children Stipple by Samuel Shelley; (add.info.: Mrs Bryan and Children Stipple engraving after the painting by Samuel Shelley)

Portrait of Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek, Natural Philosopher and Zoologist in Delft, 1680-1686. Creator: Jan Verkolje
Portrait of Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek, Natural Philosopher and Zoologist in Delft, 1680-1686

Thomas Wright, 1737. Creator: Thomas Frye
Thomas Wright, 1737

I. Newton, (1642-1727), 1830. Creator: Unknown
I. Newton, (1642-1727), 1830. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author, educated at Trinity College, Cambridge

Leibnitz, (1646-1716), 1830. Creator: Unknown
Leibnitz, (1646-1716), 1830. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) German polymath, logicians, mathematician and natural philosopher of the Enlightenment who also made contributions to physics

Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe Portrait Goethe German
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749 - 1832. German poet, novelist, playwright, natural philosopher, diplomat and civil servant. After a contemporary print

Robert Boyle Portrait Chemist Physicist Inventor
Robert Boyle, 1627 - 1691. Anglo-Irish chemist, natural philosopher, physicist and inventor. From a print by Pieter Schenk

Galileo, a promotional card for Poulain chocolate with illustrations of Galileo's trial by the Inquisition
488391 Galileo, a promotional card for Poulain chocolate with illustrations of Galileo's trial by the Inquisition and his signature, c.1910 (colour lithograph) by French School

Galileo, front and reverse of a promotional card for Poulain chocolate with illustrations of Galileo's trial by
488390 Galileo, front and reverse of a promotional card for Poulain chocolate with illustrations of Galileo's trial by the Inquisition, his signature and an account of his life

Portrait of Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs (1836-1923), 1872. Creator: Isaac Augustus Wetherby
Portrait of Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs (1836-1923), 1872

John Aubrey, English antiquary, natural philosopher and author (engraving)
6014835 John Aubrey, English antiquary, natural philosopher and author (engraving) by Faithorne, William (1616-91) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: John Aubrey (1626-1697), English antiquary

The Late Sir John Herschel, Natural Philosopher (engraving)
1105030 The Late Sir John Herschel, Natural Philosopher (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The Late Sir John Herschel, Natural Philosopher)

Sir Thomas Brownes Statue and St Peters Church, Norwich (colour photo)
3094765 Sir Thomas Brownes Statue and St Peters Church, Norwich (colour photo) by English Photographer, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Sir Thomas Brownes Statue, St Peters Church)

Shining star over square and Compass and lead, 1826 (litho)
XPH311118 Shining star over square and Compass and lead, 1826 (litho) by Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832); Private Collection; (add.info.: Leuchtender Stern ueber Winkelwaage)

The Trial of Galileo (1564-1642) detail of Galileo in Pisa (fresco)
ALI173489 The Trial of Galileo (1564-1642) detail of Galileo in Pisa (fresco) by Bezzuoli, Giuseppe (1784-1855); Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale, Florence, Italy; Alinari

Portrait of Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) (oil)
BAL13926 Portrait of Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) (oil) by Linnell, John (1792-1882); Private Collection; (add.info.: professor at Royal Institution (1802-13)

Pliny the Elder
LLM459593 Pliny the Elder by Marti, Ricardo (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Pliny the Elder. Illustration for La Ciencia Y Sus Hombres by Luis Figuier (D Jaime Seix, 1876)

Robert Boyle
LLM459573 Robert Boyle by Marti, Ricardo (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Robert Boyle. Illustration for La Ciencia Y Sus Hombres by Luis Figuier (D Jaime Seix, 1876)

Sir William Petty, from Old Englands Worthies by Lord Brougham and others
KW306203 Sir William Petty, from Old Englands Worthies by Lord Brougham and others, published London, c.1880s (litho) by English School

Plate XXXI from the Original Theory of the Universe by Thomas Wright (1711-86)
XJF133385 Plate XXXI from the Original Theory of the Universe by Thomas Wright (1711-86), 1750 (engraving) (b/w photo) by English School, (18th century); Private Collection; English, out of copyright

Galileo (1564-1642) presenting his telescope to the Venetian senate, from The Trial of Galileo (fresco)
ALI175523 Galileo (1564-1642) presenting his telescope to the Venetian senate, from The Trial of Galileo (fresco) by Sabatelli, Luigi (1772-1850); Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale, Florence

The Trial of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) in 1633 (litho)
CHT166619 The Trial of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) in 1633 (litho) by Barabino, Nicolo (1832-91) (after); Private Collection; (add.info)

Portrait of Isaac Newton, illustration from Heads of Illustrious Persons of Great
745975 Portrait of Isaac Newton, illustration from Heads of Illustrious Persons of Great Britain, pub. by Knapton, London 1742 (engraving) by Houbraken

Frontispiece from Out of my Life: Poetry and Truth, 1811-33 (litho)
XPH311116 Frontispiece from Out of my Life: Poetry and Truth, 1811-33 (litho) by Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832); Staatsbibliothek Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz

Eppur si muove, The Trial of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) in 1633 (colour litho)
CHT327059 Eppur si muove, The Trial of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) in 1633 (colour litho) by French School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info)

Portrait of The Honorable Robert Boyle, 1835 (litho)
4070938 Portrait of The Honorable Robert Boyle, 1835 (litho) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Robert Boyle FRS (1627- 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher

John Aubrey, English antiquary, natural philosopher and author (engraving)
981326 John Aubrey, English antiquary, natural philosopher and author (engraving) by English School, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: John Aubrey (1626-1697), English antiquary

The Honourable Robert Boyle (engraving)
964817 The Honourable Robert Boyle (engraving) by English School, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The Honourable Robert Boyle)

James Ferguson, engraved by T. Wright (1792-1849), from
KW271334 James Ferguson, engraved by T. Wright (1792-1849), from The Pursuit of Knowledge Under Difficulties, by George L

Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish natural philosopher and chemist (engraving)
6014824 Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish natural philosopher and chemist (engraving) by Kerseboom, Johannes (18th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Robert Boyle (1627-1691)

Sir Kenelm Digby (engraving)
964874 Sir Kenelm Digby (engraving) by English School, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Sir Kenelm Digby. English courtier, diplomat, natural philosopher)

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"Exploring the Depths of Knowledge: The Natural Philosophers" In the realm of ancient Greece, Socrates emerged as a beacon of wisdom and critical thinking. His profound teachings and relentless pursuit of truth laid the foundation for future generations to unravel life's mysteries. A caricature captures his enigmatic essence, reminding us of his enduring legacy. Among Socrates' disciples was Plato, an esteemed Ancient Greek philosopher who delved into metaphysics and ethics. His philosophical dialogues continue to inspire intellectual discourse even today. A playful caricature brings forth Plato's distinctive features, immortalizing his contributions. Aristotle, another luminary in the world of natural philosophy, expanded upon Plato's ideas while forging his own path. With a keen eye for observation and analysis, he explored various disciplines ranging from biology to physics. Aristotle's intellect shines through history as we ponder over his remarkable achievements. Centuries later, Galileo faced trials by the Inquisition due to challenging prevailing beliefs with scientific evidence. A promotional card for Poulain chocolate depicts this tumultuous period in Galileo's life with vivid illustrations capturing both his trial and signature—an homage to a brave mind unyielding in its quest for truth. Isaac Newton emerges as one of history's greatest minds—a towering figure whose discoveries revolutionized our understanding of physics and mathematics. An unknown artist encapsulates Newton’s genius in a portrait that transcends time—reminding us that knowledge knows no boundaries. Leibnitz stands alongside Newton as an influential thinker who made significant contributions during their shared era. Though lesser-known than some counterparts, Leibnitz’s work on calculus paved new avenues for mathematical exploration—an unsung hero deserving recognition. These natural philosophers embody humanity’s ceaseless curiosity about existence itself—their collective efforts shaping our understanding across centuries. Their stories remind us that true enlightenment lies not only in finding answers but also embracing questions that lead us closer to unraveling nature's profound mysteries.