Fossil Man Collection (#5)

Homo habilis cranium (KNM-ER 1813) C016 / 5090
Homo habilis cranium (KNM-ER 1813). This cast is of a relatively complete fossil skull named KNM-ER 1813. It was found in Koobi Fora, Kenya in 1973 by Kamoya Kimeu

Homo sapiens skull (Qafzeh 11) C016 / 5081
Homo sapiens skull (Qafzeh 11). Cast and reconstruction of the fossil cranium and mandible of the Qafzeh 11 child. Found by Bernard Vandermeersch in 1971, in the Qafzeh cave site in Nazareth, Israel

Homo sapiens skull (Qafzeh 11) C016 / 5080
Homo sapiens skull (Qafzeh 11). Cast and reconstruction of the fossil cranium and mandible of the Qafzeh 11 child. Found by Bernard Vandermeersch in 1971, in the Qafzeh cave site in Nazareth, Israel

Homo sapiens skull (Predmosti 3) C016 / 4969
Homo sapiens skull (Predmosti 3). Cast and reconstruction of the fossil cranium and mandible of a modern human (Homo sapiens) male. This individual is aged 35 to 40 years

Silberberg Grotto, South Africa, artwork
Silberberg Grotto, South Africa. Computer artwork showing the layout of the Silberberg Grotto in the Sterkfontein cave system of South Africa

Early hominid killed by a leopard C013 / 9583
Early hominid killed by a leopard. Artwork of leopard in a tree with a Paranthropus robustus hominid it has killed. Also known as Australopithecus robustus

Paranthropus aethiopicus, artwork C013 / 9581
Paranthropus aethiopicus. Artwork of Paranthropus aethiopicus hominids collecting fruit. Paranthropus aethiopicus is an extinct species of hominid that lived during the Pliocene epoch

Australopithecus africanus, artwork C013 / 9570
Australopithecus africanus. Artwork of a family of Australopithecus africanus hominins in a forest. A. africanus, which lived between 3 million and 2 million years ago

Australopithecus afarensis, artwork C013 / 9569
Australopithecus afarensis, artwork. This hominin lived between 3.9 and 2.9 million years ago in what is now eastern Africa. It is thought that A

Cheddar man reconstruction C013 / 6761
Reconstruction of the head of Cheddar man (Homo sapiens), a complete male skeleton found in Goughs Cave, Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, UK, that dates to 9000 years ago

Neandertha burial, artwork C013 / 6557
Neanderthal burial. Artwork of Homo neanderthalensis conducting a burial ceremony. Neanderthals were relatives of humans that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia between about 300, 000 and 24

Homo heidelbergensis hunting C013 / 6560
Artwork of a Homo heidelbergensis tribe killing an elephant. H. heidelbergensis is an extinct hominid that formed a relatively recent part of the human evolutionary tree

Australopithecus africanus jaw bone C013 / 6559
Australopithecus africanus mandible (lower jaw) from an adolescent male (of about 12 years). A. africanus was a bipedal hominid that lived between 3.5 and 2 million years ago

Homo neanderthalensis craniums C013 / 6554
Homo neanderthalensis craniums. These craniums are from fossils known as Neanderthal 1 (left) and Swanscombe 1 (right). Neanderthal 1 was the first specimen of H

Neanderthal stone tool C013 / 6555
Neanderthal stone tool. Stone tool with a point, made by Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis). This tool was discovered at Tabun, Israel

Homo erectus lower jaw C013 / 6551
Cast of a Homo erectus mandible (lower jaw). The fossil this cast was taken from is known as SK 15 Member 2, and was found at Swartkrans, South Africa

Homo erectus cranium C013 / 6553
Cast of a Homo erectus cranium. The fossil this cast was taken from was discovered at Trinil, on the banks of the River Solo, Java, Indonesia

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C013 / 6550
Cast of a Homo heidelbergensis mandible (lower jaw). The jaw this cast was made from was found in Mauer, near Heidelberg, Germany, in 1907. It dates to around 500, 000 years ago. H

Homo habilis fossil bed C013 / 6546
Homo habilis fossil bed. Reconstruction of a Homo habilis living floor at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. H. habilis is thought to have lived approximately 2 to 1.6 million years ago in East Africa

Homo habilis hunting, artwork C013 / 6548
Homo habilis group using tools to kill an antelope, artwork. H. habilis is thought to have lived approximately 2 to 1.6 million years ago in East Africa

Homo habilis hammerstone C013 / 6547
Homo habilis hammerstone tool discovered at the Olduvia Gorge, Tanzania, dating to between 1.85 to 1.6 million years ago. H

Swanscombe hand axe C013 / 6535
Swanscombe hand axe. One of many hand axes that have been discovered at the Homo neanderthalensis site at Swanscombe, Kent, UK, which was inhabited about 500, 000 to 300, 000 years ago

Early human making pottery, coloured artwork. Clay was one of the first materials to be used by early humans after they discovered how to start fires

Early humans making pottery, coloured artwork. Clay was one of the first materials to be used by early humans after they discovered how to start fires

Early humans smelting bronze
Early humans smelting and working bronze, coloured artwork. Bronze is an alloy of tin and copper. During the Bronze Age (around 3300 to 1200 BC), humans mixed ores of tin and copper with charcoal

Early humans fishing. Coloured artwork of early humans using a dugout canoe and net to catch fish in a lake. This artwork depicts fishing in the late Stone Age (Neolithic)

Early humans smelting iron
Early humans smelting and working iron, coloured artwork. The high temperatures required to obtain iron metal from its ore were not possible until the development of advanced smelting techniques

Early humans building and using boats. Coloured artwork of early humans during the Stone Age, using using fire (left) to hollow out a tree trunk to form a dugout canoe

Human and chimpanzee jaws. Historical artwork comparing the jaws of a modern human (Homo sapiens sapiens, left) and a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, right)

Early humans using weapons. Coloured artwork of early humans using weapons to defend themselves against attacks by animals

Preserved body of the Pazyryk Ice Maiden
Ice Maiden. Preserved skull of the Pazyryk " Ice Maiden", a young woman found frozen in ice on the Ukok plain in the Altai mountains of central Asia

Homo georgicus. Artists impression of the skull, head and face of H. Georgicus. This hominid lived during the Pleistocene era

Australopithecus reconstruction. Head and neck of the early hominid (Australopithecus, from 4-2 million years ago), as reconstructed by Dart in 1926

Australopithecus and gorilla brains. Historical artwork comparing the brain sizes of an early hominid (Australopithecus, from 4-2 million years ago) and a gorilla (brains seen from behind)

Homo rudolfensis. Artists impression of the skull and face of the tool-using hominid H. rudolfensis. It is sometimes classified as Homo habilis (meaning " handy man" )

Paranthropus boisei skull
Skull of Paranthropus boisei, formerly called Zinjanthropus boisei then Australopithecus boisei. P. boisei was an early hominid, estimated to have lived 2.6-1.2 million years ago

Australopithecus boisei skull, computer artwork. Australopithecus boisei was a hominid that lived in Africa between about 2.3 to 1.3 million years ago

Homo heidelbergensis male, artists impression. H. heidelbergensis lived between 600, 000 and 250, 000 years ago in the Pleistocene era

Endocranial casts of Australopithecus. An endocranial cast is a cast of the inside of the skull, which can form naturally when sediments fill an empty skull

Levallois stone tools. Hand holding a rock hammer to demonstrate the creation of Levallois stone tools. Levallois was a technique that was first used in the lower palaeolithic (stone age)

Prehistoric humans and animals
Prehistoric humans and mammals, historical artwork. The mammals at upper left are a woolly mammoth, a large deer and a woolly rhinoceros. At lower left are a bear, a horse and wolves

Fossilised skeleton of Homo erectus boy from Kenya
Homo erectus skeleton. View of a fossilised skeleton of an early human (Homo erectus). Despite being less than 12 years old, this boy was already 168 cm in height

Skulls of Tuang child and a chimpanzee
Tuang child (Australopithecus africanus) and chimpanzee skulls. The Tuang child fossil (left) was discovered in 1924 in Tuang, South Africa. The child, an example of A

Group of hominids, computer artwork
Group of hominids. Artwork of a group of hominids gathering in a clearing. Early hominid species such as Australopithecus sp. were upright walking ape-like creatures

Peruvian mummy
Mummy in a desert. Mummies such as this are found in several sites in the arid highlands of southern Peru, preserved by the extreme dryness. Many still retain their skin and hair

Australopithecus robustus skull
Skull of Australopithecus robustus, front view. A. robustus was a bipedal hominin (human-like primate) that lived in Africa between 2.6

Paranthropus robustus. Artists impression of the skull and face of the early hominid Paranthropus robustus. P. robustus means " robust equal of man"

Mummified skull and hair resting on ropes. Mummies such as this are found in several sites in the arid highlands of southern Peru, preserved by the extreme dryness

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"Fossil Man: Unraveling the Enigmatic Journey of Human Evolution" Embarking on a captivating journey through time, we explore the remarkable story of "Fossil Man. " From the Trail of Laetoli footprints to the stages in human evolution, these ancient remnants offer glimpses into our distant past. Imagine witnessing early humans walking across volcanic ash some 6 million years ago – an awe-inspiring sight preserved by the Laetoli fossil footprints. These tracks, attributed to Australopithecus afarensis, reveal their bipedal nature and shed light on our evolutionary path. Delving deeper into prehistory, we encounter a fascinating artifact – a prehistoric spear-thrower. This tool showcases our ancestors' ingenuity and resourcefulness as they adapted to their environment for survival. Artwork depicting Australopithecus africanus provides us with vivid imagery of this female hominid species that once roamed Africa. Their existence offers valuable insights into our ancestral lineage and helps bridge gaps in understanding human evolution. Intriguingly, we stumble upon a scene frozen in time – a scimitar cat attacking a hominid. This artwork reminds us of the challenges faced by early humans as they navigated treacherous landscapes alongside formidable predators. Continuing along this enthralling expedition, we come across an artistic representation showcasing various stages in human evolution. Witnessing these transformations allows us to appreciate how far humanity has come from its humble beginnings. The footprints and skeleton of Lucy greet us next - one of the most significant discoveries ever made in paleoanthropology. As an Australopithecus afarensis specimen dating back over 3 million years, Lucy's remains provide invaluable clues about our shared ancestry with primates. Further unraveling mysteries buried deep within history is Sahelanthropus tchadensis skull - another pivotal find shedding light on our earliest ancestors.