5th Century Bc Collection

Ancient Greeks holding the pass of Thermopylae, 480 BC
Greeks under Leonidas holding off the Persian invasion at Thermopylae, 480 BC. Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Socrates, caricature
Socrates. Caricature of the Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates (c.470-399 BC). Socrates is credited with introducing a new and critical attitude in philosophy and science

She Wolf sculpture dating from the 5th century BC, Romulus and Remus probably added later, Capitolini Museum, Rome, Lazio, Italy, Europe

Plato, Ancient Greek philosopher
Plato (427-347 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher. Platos spirit of rational inquiry led to todays scientific method. His writings shaped and continue to have a profound influence on Western thought

Plato, caricature
Plato. Caricature of the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato (427-347 BC). Platos spirit of rational inquiry led to todays scientific method

Pericles
Athenian statesman Pericles. Photogravure reproduction of a sculpture

Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine
Greek physician Hippocrates. Hand-colored halftone reproduction of an illustration of a bust

Herodotus, Greek historian, artwork
Herodotus. Historical artwork of Herodotus of Halicarnassus (484-425 BC), a Greek historian from Iona who documented the Greco-Persian wars, which occurred in 490 and 480-479 BC

Battle of Marathon, 490 BC
Athenians repel Persian invaders at the Battle of Marathon, 490 BC. Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Tombs of Darius II, Ataxerxes I and Darius the Great, Naqsh-e Rostam Necropolis, near Persepolis, Iran, Middle East

PERU: CHAVIN STELE. Drawing of the Raimondi stele, portraying a chieftain wearing an elaborate crown. Chavin culture of ancient Peru, 9th to 2nd century B.C

Discussions in ancient Athens, circa 400 BC
Citizens of Athens engaged in discussions during the time of Pericles, 5th century BC. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Apollo offering a libation to the raven, kylix, 5th century BC
Attic White Ground kylix of the early 5th century BC. Showing Apollo sitting on a stool performing a libation whilst holding a lyre. A raven looks

Defeat of Athenian army at Syracuse, 413 BC
Destruction of the Athenian army at Syracuse, 413 BC. Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Palace of Darius, Persepolis, Iran. Persepolis was built as Persias new capital city during the reign of Darius I (522-485 BC), first king of the Achaemenid dynasty

Greek statue known as the Kritios Boy, 5th century BC
The Kritios Boy, a Greek marble kouros, at the Acropolis Museum in Athens, 5th century BC

Departure of Prince Siddhartha, illustration
Departure of Prince Siddhartha; Siddhartha Guataman (c.563 - c.483 BC), founder of Buddhism. Became supreme Buddha c528 BC

Attic pelike depicting Heracles killing king Busiris and Egyptian priests, by Pan Painter, red-figure pottery
Greek civilization, 5th century b.C. Red-figure pottery. Attic pelike attributed to the Pan Painter. Recto: Heracles killing the king Busiris and the Egyptian priests. Detail

Red-figure pottery, Krater portraying Eumenides of Aeschyluss tragedy, Apollo defends Oreste from Fury
Greek civilization, 5th century b.C. Red-figure pottery. Krater portraying Eumenides of Aeschyluss tragedy. Apollo defends Oreste from the Fury

Nehemiah rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem (engraving)
6029666 Nehemiah rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem (engraving) by English School, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info)

Greek Tomb Painting, 5th century BC
Greek tomb painting: the diver symbolises the after-life, 5th century BC

Part of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon, 5th century BC
Part of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon, showing part of the Panathenaic procession, 5th century BC. From the British Museums collection

Attic lekythos depicting two companions of Ulysses turned into swine by Circewitch, red-figure pottery
Greek civilization, 5th century b.C. Red-figure pottery. Attic lekythos depicting two companions of Ulysses turned into swine by Circe the enchantress

Attic pelike depicting Phrixus rescued by a flying ram with golden sheep fleece, red-figure pottery
Greek civilization, 5th century b.C. Red-figure pottery. Attic pelike depicting Phrixus rescued by a flying ram with golden fleece, detail

Socrates, Ancient Greek philosopher
Socrates (c.470-399 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher, credited with introducing a new and critical attitude in philosophy and science

Socrates (c. 470-399 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher, credited with introducing a new and critical attitude in philosophy and science

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Confucius. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

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Socrates. Hand colored 17th-century engraving

Pythagoras and Euclid, 1437 (marble tile)
7260238 Pythagoras and Euclid, 1437 (marble tile) by Della Robbia, Luca (1400-82); 83x69 cm; Museo dell Opera del Duomo, Florence, Tuscany, Italy; Photo © Raffaello Bencini

Column of Erechteion, Greek temple
The Erechteon is an ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece. The temple was built between 421 and 405 BC

Attic amphora representing winged Eros with lyre and dog at his feet
Greek civilization, 5th century b.C. Red-figure pottery. Attic amphora representing winged Eros with a lyre and a dog at his feet

Ancient Greek ornamental architecture and sculpture, (1898). Creator: Unknown
Ancient Greek ornamental architecture and sculpture, (1898). Fig. I. Doric capital from Paestum (with painted ornaments). Fig 2

Temple of Hephaestus, Ancient Agora, Athens, Attica, Greece

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Veturia persuading her son Coriolanus not to attack Rome (engraving)
8635793 Veturia persuading her son Coriolanus not to attack Rome (engraving) by German School, (19th century) (after); Private Collection; (add.info)

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Ceramic vase with red figures from the site of Ampurias. 5th century BC (ceramic)
AIS5365139 Ceramic vase with red figures from the site of Ampurias. 5th century BC (ceramic); (add.info.: Archaeological Museum of Barcelona, Spain.); © Iberfoto

Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery)
7309993 Attic black-figure pottery cup depicting a mythological scene, 490 BC - 460 BC (pottery, with painted and incised decoration); 15 cm; Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford

Athena, Roman sculpture after the Greek Athena Parthenos by Phidias, made for the Parthenon between 447 and 432 BC
AIS5374925 Athena, Roman sculpture after the Greek Athena Parthenos by Phidias, made for the Parthenon between 447 and 432 BC, detail

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The 5th century BC was a time of great intellectual and artistic achievements, as well as significant historical events. It marked the golden age of Ancient Greece, where philosophers like Socrates and Plato emerged to shape the foundations of Western philosophy. In this caricature, Socrates can be seen engaging in his famous method of questioning. Another notable event from this era was the Battle of Thermopylae, where brave Ancient Greeks held their ground against Persian invaders in 480 BC. This sculpture depicts that heroic moment, showcasing their determination and courage. Moving on to Rome, we find a captivating sculpture known as the She Wolf dating back to the 5th century BC. Though Romulus and Remus were likely added later, it symbolizes the founding myth of Rome with its nurturing nature. Plato, another influential philosopher from this period, is depicted here in both a serious portrait and a playful caricature. His ideas on justice and ideal forms continue to inspire thinkers today. Pericles also played a crucial role during this time as an Athenian statesman who led Athens' cultural renaissance. Under his leadership, magnificent structures like the Temple of Hephaestus were built in Athens' ancient agora - a testament to Greek architectural brilliance. Herodotus stands out among historians for his meticulous research and storytelling abilities. His works provide valuable insights into ancient civilizations through beautiful artwork such as this one. In Persia's Naqsh-e Rostam Necropolis lies the tombs of Darius II, Ataxerxes I, and Darius the Great - rulers who left an indelible mark on history during this period. These grand tombs serve as reminders of their powerful reigns over vast empires. Across continents in Peru lies another fascinating artifact: The Chavin Stele or Raimondi stele drawing portrays a chieftain wearing elaborate ceremonial attire. It offers us glimpses into the ancient Chavin civilization's rich culture and beliefs.