1596 Collection (#4)

European bee-eater Merops apiaster Woodpecker
European bee-eater (Merops apiaster), Woodpecker / de la classe des grim peurs pic gerd, pic-bois title on object), Bee-eater. Numbered top right: 8

Toucan Ramphastos Exter van Braesilien Pica Brasialia
Toucan (Ramphastos), Exter van Braesilien. / Pica Brasialia. / Toucan. (title on object), Toucan. Numbered top right: 1. Top left the Latin name. An annotation in French on the album page

Flying fish Exocoetidae Sea swaluwe Hyrundo Marina
Flying fish (Exocoetidae), Sea swaluwe. / Hyrundo Marina. / Papillon Volant (title on object), Flying fish with green fins. Numbered top right: 9. Top left the name in six languages

Cod Gadus morhua Asellus Merlue title object
Cod (Gadus morhua), Cod. / Asellus. / Merlue (title on object), Cod. Numbered top right: 11. Top left the name in seven languages. Part of the sixth album with drawings of fish, shells and insects

Squatina violin ray Rhinobatidae Meer Engel huijge Bargelote
Squatina or violin ray (Rhinobatidae), Meer Engel. huijge Bargelote / Brother Hugo. / Ange de mer (title on object), Squatina (sea angel) or violin ray. Numbered top right: 15

Cod Gadus morhua Cabbilliauw Capellamis Cabbilliau
Cod (Gadus morhua), Cabbilliauw / Capellamis. / Cabbilliau (title on object), Cod. Numbered top right: 12. Top left the name. Part of the sixth album with drawings of fish, shells and insects

Puffer fish Tetraodontidae Around fishing hedgehogs
Puffer fish (Tetraodontidae), Around fishing hedgehogs. / Orbes (title on object), Puffer fish 1-4. Numbered top right: 8. With the Latin names

Angelfish Mola mola Maene Visch orthragoriscus Luna
Angelfish (Mola mola), Maene Visch. / orthragoriscus Luna. / Mole Molebout (title on object), Maanvis. Numbered top right: 7. Top left and bottom left the name in three languages

Tiger shark Carcharias scorpion fish Scorpaenidae
Tiger shark (Carcharias) and a scorpion fish (Scorpaenidae), 1. Carcharias. 2. Cataphractus. / 1. requain (title on object), A shark and a scorpion fish. Numbered top right: 4

Grebe Podiceps cristatus Duijkhoender colijmbus major
Grebe (Podiceps cristatus), Duijkhoender. / colijmbus major. / grebe cornu. (title on object), Grebe. Numbered top left: 14. Top right the Latin and French name

Grebe Podiceps cristatus Colijmbus minor title
Grebe (Podiceps cristatus), Colijmbus minor (title on object), Grebe. Numbered top right: 15. Top left the Latin name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis Anas Meleagris
Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis), Anas Meleagris. / La Bernache (title on object), Barnacle Goose. Numbered top right: 18. At the top the Latin name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Numbered top right
Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Cormorant. Numbered top right: 16. Part of the third album with drawings of birds. Fifth of twelve albums with drawings of animals

Teal Anas crecca Anas parva faemina Sarcelles
Teal (Anas crecca), Anas parva faemina Sarcelles / Petites Sarcelle femelle (title on object), Teal (female). Numbered Top left: 13. Top right the Latin name

Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Carbon aquaticus
Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Carbon aquaticus (title on object), Cormorant. Numbered top right: 10. With the Latin name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Brent goose Branta bernicla Bernicla title object
Brent goose (Branta bernicla), Bernicla (title on object), Brent goose. Numbered top right: 9. With the Latin and German name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Leaf ten ducks Anas water birds ten water birds
Leaf with ten ducks (Anas) and other water birds, Leaf with ten water birds: different types of ducks, a January van-ghent and a heron. Numbered top right: 8. With the Latin names

Unknown fish Lupus flandricus title object referred
Unknown fish, Lupus flandricus (title on object), referred to Flemish (sea) wolf. Numbered top right: 13. At the top the Latin name. Part of the sixth album with drawings of fish, shells and insects

Leaf six ducks Anas waterfowl six waterfowl different species
Leaf with six ducks (Anas) and other waterfowl, Leaf with six waterfowl: different species of ducks, merganser, swan and cormorant. Numbered top right: 6. With the Latin names

Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis Anas Brasiliana
Red-breasted Goose (Branta ruficollis), Anas Brasiliana (title on object), Red-breasted Goose. Numbered top right: 11. With the Latin name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Common flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus vlaemijnck
Common flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), vlaemijnck. / phaenicopteros. / flamand. (title on object), European flamingo. Numbered top right: 21. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Indian runny duck Anas platyrhynchos Indian bird
Indian runny duck (Anas platyrhynchos), Indian bird. / Anas indica. / Canard des indes. (title on object), Duck, probably the Indian walking duck. Numbered top right: 7. Top left the Latin name

Purperkoet Porphyrio porphyrio porphirion telamon
Purperkoet (Porphyrio porphyrio), porphirion telamon / group sultane (title on object), Puperkoet. Numbered top right: 24. Here also the Latin name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Dead Tachybaptus ruficollis Duikerkin Mergulus
Dead (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Duikerkin / Mergulus. / Castagnieux. (title on object), Dodaars. Numbered top right: 17. With the name in five languages

Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Pouilliot poule d eau
Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus). / Pouilliot, poule d eau. (title on object), Moorhen (juvenile). Numbered top right: 11. Top left the Latin and German name

Black crowned crane Balearica pavonina Strutio indicus
Black crowned crane (Balearica pavonina), Strutio indicus, pavo / L oiseau Roijal (title on object), Black crowned crane bird. Numbered top right: 23. Left the Latin name

Alpine crow Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Phalocrocerax
Alpine crow (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax), Phalocrocerax. / Cormoran. (title on object), Alpine crow. Numbered top right: 22. At the top the Latin and French name

Visdief Sterna hirundo Numbered top right 16
Visdief (Sterna hirundo), Visdief. Numbered top right: 16. Right the German name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Black ibis Plegadis falcinellus Graculus tert Gesneri
Black ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), Graculus tert Gesneri (title on object), Black ibis (probably). Numbered top right: 18. Top left the name in four languages

White-throated Dipper Waterspreeuw Numbered top left
White-throated Dipper, Waterspreeuw. Numbered top left: 17. Right the German name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Herring Gull Larus argentatus Meeuwe Larus Mouette
Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Meeuwe. / Larus. / Mouette. (title on object), Herring Gull. Numbered top right: 15. Top left the name in three languages

Gannet Morus bassanus Sula bassana Mergus Larus
Gannet (Morus bassanus or Sula bassana), Mergus Larus (title on object), Gannet. Numbered top right: 13. Top right the Latin name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria prosecutor
Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria), prosecutor / clamper (title on object), Golden Plover. Numbered top right: 4. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Kluut Recurvirostra avosetta Anselmus Boetius de Boodt
Kluut, Recurvirostra avosetta, Anselmus Boetius de Boodt, 1596 - 1610, paper, watercolor (paint), deck paint, pencil, chalk, ink, pen, h 295 mm × w 207 mm

Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria black-and-white Plover
Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) or Silver Plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Golden Plover and Silver Plover. Numbered top right: 9. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Gray snipe Limnodromus Gray snip Numbered top right
Gray snipe (Limnodromus), Gray snip. Numbered top right: 7. Part of the third album with drawings of birds. Fifth of twelve albums with drawings of animals, birds and plants known around 1600

Polei Mentha pulegium Deer Poleije Pulegium Cervinum
Polei (Mentha pulegium) Deer Poleije / Pulegium Cervinum / Pouliot (title on object), Polei. Numbered top right: 272. Right the name in four languages

Small salsify Scorzonera humilis Slange Carrot
Small salsify (Scorzonera humilis) Slange Carrot. / Scorzonera bohemica. Viiperina Viperaria. / Viperine. (title on object), Small salsify. Numbered top right: 264. Top left the Latin and Dutch name

Look-without-look Alliaria Look Allaria Allaire
Look-without-look (Alliaria) Look without Look. / Allaria. / Allaire (title on object), Look-without-look. Numbered top right: 271. On top the name in four languages

Ordinary flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus Vlaemijnck
Ordinary flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), Vlaemijnck. / phaenicopteros. / flamandt. (title on object), European flamingo. Numbered top right: 19. With the Latin and French name

Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia Lepelaere Pelicanus platea
Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia), Lepelaere. / Pelicanus platea / Espatulle. (title on object), Spoonbill. Numbered top right: 26. Top left the name in four languages

Redshank Tringa totanus Numbered top right 2
Redshank (Tringa totanus), Redshank. Numbered top right: 2. Part of the third album with drawings of birds. Fifth of twelve albums with drawings of animals, birds and plants known around 1600

Kwak Nycticorax nycticorax Nacht-Raeve Ardea Cinerea minor
Kwak (Nycticorax nycticorax), Nacht-Raeve. / Ardea Cinerea minor. nicticorax. (title on object), Kwak. Numbered top right: 32. With the name in four languages

Kwak Nycticorax nycticorax Nacht Rave Nictocorax
Kwak (Nycticorax nycticorax), Nacht Rave. / Nictocorax. (title on object), Kwak. Numbered top right: 31. With the Latin and German name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Hornbill Bucerotidae avis japonica Calao rhinoceros
Hornbill (Bucerotidae), avis japonica. Calao rhinoceros / Calao rhinoceros (title on object), Hornbill. Numbered top right: 30. With the Latin name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Redshank Tringa totanus Pluvier Calidris Rubra
Redshank (Tringa totanus), Pluvier. / Calidris Rubra. / Chevalier. (title on object), Redshank. Numbered top right: 24. With the Latin name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Roerdomp Botaurus stellaris aresbias ardea stellaris minor
Roerdomp (Botaurus stellaris), aresbias, ardea stellaris minor. (title on object), Roerdomp. Numbered top right: 22. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Ruff Philomachus pugnax West Frisian cock title
Ruff (Philomachus pugnax), West Frisian cock (title on object), Ruff. Numbered top right: 27. Top left the Dutch name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

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In the year 1596, a remarkable era of discovery and innovation unfolded. Johannes Kepler, an influential astronomer, unveiled his groundbreaking model of the universe in his renowned work "Mysterium Cosmographicum. " This line engraving depicted Kepler's revolutionary understanding of celestial bodies and their movements. Meanwhile, in the realm of art, Caravaggio mesmerized audiences with his captivating masterpiece "Head of Medusa. " Painted with meticulous detail on canvas, this oil painting showcased Caravaggio's unparalleled skill in capturing emotions and creating lifelike representations. The scientific world also witnessed significant advancements during this time. Andreas Cellarius presented his magnificent "Atlas Coelestis, " a celestial atlas that mapped out the intricacies of our cosmos. This extraordinary piece served as a valuable resource for astronomers seeking to unravel the mysteries of space. On another front, Francis Drake left an indelible mark on history through his daring voyages across uncharted waters. A miniature portrait immortalized him as a fearless explorer who defied boundaries and expanded horizons. In philosophy and mathematics, René Descartes emerged as a prominent figure during this period. His intellectual prowess was captured in depictions such as him sitting at his desk deep in thought or statues commemorating his contributions to these fields. Amidst all these achievements stood symbols representing Sir Francis Drake's legacy – from the majestic Golden Hind ship he commanded to his burial at sea near Portobelo, Panama. These reminders paid homage to Drake's audacious spirit that propelled him towards greatness. Closer to home in Exeter, Devonshire resided Mols Coffee House and Keetch Gallery – vibrant spaces where intellectuals gathered to exchange ideas and engage in stimulating conversations about art and science alike. As we reflect upon 1596 today, we are reminded not only of humanity's thirst for knowledge but also its boundless creativity across various domains.